Senate Resolution No. 54, s. 2000

Full Title
Resolution paying tribute to the heroic and courageous act of Fr. Rhoel Gallardo of Castillejos, Zambales and his companions for sacrificing their lives to contribute in the attainment of peace.

Senate Resolution No. 21, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution commending the Minority Leader of the Senate, the Honorable Teofisto T. Guingona, Jr., for his exemplary and noteworthy performance as a fearless and articulate fiscalizer of this august chamber and for his invaluable contributions to the sucessful deliberations of the Senate during the first regular session of the Eleventh Congress of the Philippines.
Date of Approval
March 6, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 28, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution informing the House of Representatives that the Senate has been organized with the election of its officers and that the Senate has entered upon the exercise of its functions.

Senate Resolution No. 26, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution informing the House of Representatives that a quorum is present in the Senate and that this body has entered upon the exercise of its functions for the second regular session of the eleventh Congress of the Philippines.

Senate Resolution No. 27, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution informing the President of the Philippines that the Senate has been organized with the election of its officers and that the Senate has entered upon the exercise of its functions.

Senate Resolution No. 28, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution informing the House of Representatives that the Senate has been organized with the election of its officers and that the Senate has entered upon the exercise of its functions.

Senate Resolution No. 29, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution expressing the profound sympathy and sincere condolence of the Senate of the Philippines on the demise of the Honorable Raul S. Manglapus.

Senate Resolution No. 29, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution expressing the profound sympathy and sincere condolence of the Senate of the Philippines on the demise of the Honorable Raul S. Manglapus.

Senate Resolution No. 30, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution congratulating Efren "Bata" Reyes for winning the 1999 World Professional 9-Ball championship in Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom, and for bringing honor and distinction to the Philippines.
Date of Approval
April 8, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 31, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution congratulating Ms. Miriam R. Quiambao for her outstanding performance in the 1999 Miss Universe beauty pageant in Chaguaramas, Trinidad and Tobago.
Date of Approval
April 8, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 30, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution congratulating Efren "Bata" Reyes for winning the 1999 World Professional 9-Ball championship in Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom, and for bringing honor and distinction to the Philippines.
Date of Approval
April 8, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 32, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution congratulating Mr. Raul L. Locsin, journalist, and Mrs. Rosa Rosal, social worker, on their receiving the 1999 Ramon Magsaysay award for journalism, literature, and creative communication arts and for public service, respectively, and expressing the Senate's deep appreciation to the Ramon Magsaysay Awards Foundation for honoring these two outstanding Filipinos.
Date of Approval
July 9, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 27, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution informing the President of the Philippines that the Senate has been organized with the election of its officers and that the Senate has entered upon the exercise of its functions.

Senate Resolution No. 26, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution informing the House of Representatives that a quorum is present in the Senate and that this body has entered upon the exercise of its functions for the second regular session of the eleventh Congress of the Philippines.

Senate Resolution No. 25, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution expressing the profound sympathy and sincere condolence of the Senate of the Philippines on the untimely death of its beloved President, the Honorable Marcelo B. Fernan.
Date of Approval
December 7, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 22, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution commending the Majority Leader of the Senate, the Honorable Franklin M. Drilon, for his proficiency and outstanding stewardship in guiding and steering the deliberations of the Senate during the first regular session of the Eleventh Congress of the Philippines.
Date of Approval
March 6, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 23, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution expressing the sincere appreciation of the Senate to its President, the Honorable Marcelo B. Fernan, for his commitment and dedication to serve the nation and for his able leadership that guided and inspired this august chamber to a sterling performance during the first regular session of the Eleventh Congress of the Philippines.
Date of Approval
March 6, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 20, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution authorizing the printing and distribution of five hundred (500) copies each of the Journal and the Record of the Senate for the first regular session of the Eleventh Congress of the Philippines.
Date of Approval
March 6, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 21, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution commending the Minority Leader of the Senate, the Honorable Teofisto T. Guingona, Jr., for his exemplary and noteworthy performance as a fearless and articulate fiscalizer of this august chamber and for his invaluable contributions to the sucessful deliberations of the Senate during the first regular session of the Eleventh Congress of the Philippines.
Date of Approval
March 6, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 22, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution commending the Majority Leader of the Senate, the Honorable Franklin M. Drilon, for his proficiency and outstanding stewardship in guiding and steering the deliberations of the Senate during the first regular session of the Eleventh Congress of the Philippines.
Date of Approval
March 6, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 23, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution expressing the sincere appreciation of the Senate to its President, the Honorable Marcelo B. Fernan, for his commitment and dedication to serve the nation and for his able leadership that guided and inspired this august chamber to a sterling performance during the first regular session of the Eleventh Congress of the Philippines.
Date of Approval
March 6, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 24, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution informing the House of Representatives that a quorum is present in the Senate and that this body has entered upon the exercise of its functions to consider certain legislative matters in a psecial session called by the President of the Philippines.
Date of Approval
December 7, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 25, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution expressing the profound sympathy and sincere condolence of the Senate of the Philippines on the untimely death of its beloved President, the Honorable Marcelo B. Fernan.
Date of Approval
December 7, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 24, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution informing the House of Representatives that a quorum is present in the Senate and that this body has entered upon the exercise of its functions to consider certain legislative matters in a psecial session called by the President of the Philippines.
Date of Approval
December 7, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 32, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution congratulating Mr. Raul L. Locsin, journalist, and Mrs. Rosa Rosal, social worker, on their receiving the 1999 Ramon Magsaysay award for journalism, literature, and creative communication arts and for public service, respectively, and expressing the Senate's deep appreciation to the Ramon Magsaysay Awards Foundation for honoring these two outstanding Filipinos.
Date of Approval
July 9, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 33, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution advising the House of Representatives, with due consent, that the Senate will adjourn on October 6, 1999.
Date of Approval
June 10, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 52, s. 2000

Full Title
Resolution honoring Mr. Jose Gacusana Burgos, Jr. for his heroic deeds and steadfast struggle as a journalist in the name of the constitutionally guaranteed and protected freedom of the press.
Date of Approval
October 5, 2000

Senate Resolution No. 78, s. 2001

Full Title
Resolution concurring in the accession to the international convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonized System) and its protocol of amendment.
Date of Approval
May 2, 2001

Senate Resolution No. 79, s. 2001

Full Title
Resolution concurring in the ratification of the convention between the Republic of the Philippines and the Swiss Confederation for the avoidance of double taxation with respect to taxes on income.
Date of Approval
May 2, 2001

Senate Resolution No. 80, s. 2001

Full Title
Resolution concurring in the ratification of the protocol amending the convention for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income between the Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Finland.
Date of Approval
May 2, 2001

Senate Resolution No. 81, s. 2001

Full Title
Resolution concurring in the ratification of the agreement between the government of the Republic of the Philippines and the government of the People's Republic of China for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and its protocol.
Date of Approval
May 2, 2001

Senate Resolution No. 78, s. 2001

Full Title
Resolution concurring in the accession to the international convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonized System) and its protocol of amendment.
Date of Approval
May 2, 2001

Senate Resolution No. 80, s. 2001

Full Title
Resolution concurring in the ratification of the protocol amending the convention for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income between the Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Finland.
Date of Approval
May 2, 2001

Senate Resolution No. 48, s. 2000

Full Title
Resolution calling on the President of the Philippines, all political parties, churches and communications media in the country to proclaim and observe the week of April 16-23, 2000 as a period of national solidarity, mutual forgiveness, and a "new beginning" for all Filipinos.
Date of Approval
November 4, 2000

Senate Resolution No. 41, s. 2000

Full Title
Resolution to honor journalist Teodoro Montelibano Locsin, Sr., editor of the Philippines Free Press, for his invaluable contribution to Philippine Journalism and his role in the resistance movement in World War II and during Martial Law.

Senate Resolution No. 40, s. 2000

Full Title
Resolution concurring in the ratification of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (CCD), 10 Jan. 2000.
Date of Approval
October 1, 2000

Senate Resolution No. 33, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution advising the House of Representatives, with due consent, that the Senate will adjourn on October 6, 1999.
Date of Approval
June 10, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 34, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution posthumously commending the late Police Officer 2 Nestor T. Gumbangan who was killed in the line of duty and three other Police Officers, namely PO3 Gerry S. Abalos; PO2 Gil P. Flores; and SPO1 Rosmar Singcalan who were wounded in the performance of duty.

Senate Resolution No. 34, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution posthumously commending the late Police Officer 2 Nestor T. Gumbangan who was killed in the line of duty and three other Police Officers, namely PO3 Gerry S. Abalos; PO2 Gil P. Flores; and SPO1 Rosmar Singcalan who were wounded in the performance of duty.

Senate Resolution No. 35, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution expressing the sense of the Senate that there is need to respond to the country's critical security requirements within its exclusive economic zone and outlying areas by providing, as a matter of the highest priority, a limited but dependable surveillance, monitoring and response capability for the Navy, Air Force and appropriate civilian agencies.

Senate Resolution No. 35, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution expressing the sense of the Senate that there is need to respond to the country's critical security requirements within its exclusive economic zone and outlying areas by providing, as a matter of the highest priority, a limited but dependable surveillance, monitoring and response capability for the Navy, Air Force and appropriate civilian agencies.

Senate Resolution No. 36, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution authorizing the incumbent Senate President and Senate Secretary to certify and attest to bills of the tenth Congress for purposes or presentment to the President of the Philippines.

Senate Resolution No. 36, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution authorizing the incumbent Senate President and Senate Secretary to certify and attest to bills of the tenth Congress for purposes or presentment to the President of the Philippines.

Senate Resolution No. 38, s. 2000

Full Title
Resolution informing the House of Representatives that a quorum is present in the Senate and that this body has entered upon the exercise of its functions to consider certain legislative matters in a special session called by the President of the Philippines.
Date of Approval
October 1, 2000

Senate Resolution No. 39, s. 2000

Full Title
Resolution concurring in the ratification of the convention on the prohibition of the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of anti-personnel mines and on their destruction.
Date of Approval
October 1, 2000

DAR ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 09-93

Full Title
SUBJECT: Rules and Regulations Governing the Exclusion of Agricultural Lands Used for Livestock, Poultry and Swine Raising from the Coverage of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP).
Date of Approval
December 27, 1993

Senate Resolution No. 20, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution authorizing the printing and distribution of five hundred (500) copies each of the Journal and the Record of the Senate for the first regular session of the Eleventh Congress of the Philippines.
Date of Approval
March 6, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 1, s. 1998

Full Title
Resolution informing the House of Representatives that a quorum is present in the Senate and that this body has entered upon the exercise ofits functions.

Senate Resolution No. 2, s. 1998

Full Title
Resolution informing the President of the Philippines that the Senate has been organized with the election of its officers and that the Senate has entered upon the exercise of its functions.

Senate Resolution No. 3, s. 1998

Full Title
Resolution informing the House of Representatives that the Senate has been organized with the election of its officers and that the Senate has entered upon the exercise of its functions.

Senate Resolution No. 1, s. 1998

Full Title
Resolution informing the House of Representatives that a quorum is present in the Senate and that this body has entered upon the exercise ofi its functions.

Senate Resolution No. 2, s. 1998

Full Title
Resolution informing the President of the Philippines that the Senate has been organized with the election of its officers and that the Senate has entered upon the exercise of its functions.

Senate Resolution No. 3, s. 1998

Full Title
Resolution informing the House of Representatives that the Senate has been organized with the election of its officers and that the Senate has entered upon the exercise of its functions.

Senate Resolution No. 4, s. 1998

Full Title
Resolution expressing the sense of outrage and indignation of the Senate of the Philippines on its behalf and on behalf of the Filipino people over the terrorist attacks on the embassies of the United States in Nairobi, Kenya and Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, condemning these acts in the strongest possible terms and supporting international efforts to bring the perpetrators thereof to justice.
Date of Approval
November 8, 1998

Senate Resolution No. 4, s. 1998

Full Title
Resolution expressing the sense of outrage and indignation of the Senate of the Philippines on its behalf and on behalf of the Filipino people over the terrorist attacks on the embassies of the United States in Nairobi, Kenya and Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, condemning these acts in the strongest possible terms and supporting international efforts to bring the perpetrators thereof to justice.
Date of Approval
November 8, 1998

Senate Resolution No. 5, s. 1998

Full Title
Resolution expressing the sense and pride of the Senate to congratulate former President Corazon "Cory" Cojuangco Aquino on the occasion of her winning the 1998 Ramon Magsaysay Foundation award for international understanding.

Senate Resolution No. 5, s. 1998

Full Title
Resolution expressing the sense and pride of the Senate to congratulate former President Corazon "Cory" Cojuangco Aquino on the occasion of her winning the 1998 Ramon Magsaysay Foundation award for international understanding.

Senate Resolution No. 130

Full Title
Resolution informing the House of Representatives that a quorum is present in the Senate and that this body has entered upon the exercise of its functions to consider and act upon the bills covered by Proclamation No. 1163 in a special session called by the President of the Philippines

Senate Resolution No. 130

Full Title
Resolution informing the House of Representatives that a quorum is present in the Senate and that this body has entered upon the exercise of its functions to consider and act upon the bills covered by Proclamation No. 1163 in a special session called by the President of the Philippines

Senate Resolution No. 128

Full Title
Resolution authorizing all permanent and special committees of the Senate to hold meetings and hearings or conduct investigations, in aid of legislation, during the recess of the Congress from February 7, 1998 to February 28, 1998
Date of Approval
June 2, 1998

Senate Resolution No. 10, s. 1995

Full Title
Resolution expressing the sincere condolences and sympathies of the Senate in particular, and the Filipino nation in general to the Government and People of Israel over the death of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin
Date of Approval
August 11, 1995

Senate Resolution No. 124

Full Title
Resolution expressing the gratitude and appreciation of the Senate to the Honorable Lorenzo E. Leynes, Jr., Secretary of the Senate, and to the Honorable Alberto M. de Castro, Sergeant-at-Arms of the Senate
Date of Approval
February 2, 1998

Senate Resolution No. 125

Full Title
Resolution naming committee rooms numbers one (1) to six (6), in honor of the following, namely: Sen. Claro M. Recto, Sen. Jose P. Laurel, Sen. Geronima T. Peczon, Sen. Lorenzo E. TaN?ada, Sen. Lorenzo Sumulong and Sen. Ambrosio Padilla, Respectively: the Senate President's Lounge (5th floor) in honor of Sen. Eulogio Rodriguez, Sr., and the Multi-Purpose Hall (5th floor) in honor of Sen. Salipada Pendatun
Date of Approval
February 2, 1998

Senate Resolution No. 124

Full Title
Resolution expressing the gratitude and appreciation of the Senate to the Honorable Lorenzo E. Leynes, Jr., Secretary of the Senate, and to the Honorable Alberto M. de Castro, Sergeant-at-Arms of the Senate
Date of Approval
February 2, 1998

Senate Resolution No. 125

Full Title
Resolution naming committee rooms numbers one (1) to six (6), in honor of the following, namely: Sen. Claro M. Recto, Sen. Jose P. Laurel, Sen. Geronima T. Peczon, Sen. Lorenzo E. TaN?ada, Sen. Lorenzo Sumulong and Sen. Ambrosio Padilla, Respectively: the Senate President's Lounge (5th floor) in honor of Sen. Eulogio Rodriguez, Sr., and the Multi-Purpose Hall (5th floor) in honor of Sen. Salipada Pendatun
Date of Approval
February 2, 1998

Senate Resolution No. 126

Full Title
Resolution commending Honorable Remedios A.S. Fernando and Honorable Regalado E. Maambong for faithfully performing their duties with highest distinctions and unselfish dedication as Commissioners of the Commission on Elections for their assidous and invaluable service to the nation and the Filipino people
Date of Approval
May 2, 1998

Senate Resolution No. 126

Full Title
Resolution commending Honorable Remedios A.S. Fernando and Honorable Regalado E. Maambong for faithfully performing their duties with highest distinctions and unselfish dedication as Commissioners of the Commission on Elections for their assidous and invaluable service to the nation and the Filipino people
Date of Approval
May 2, 1998

Senate Resolution No. 127

Full Title
Resolution concurring in the ratification of the convention between the Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Hungary for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income
Date of Approval
June 2, 1998

Senate Resolution No. 128

Full Title
Resolution authorizing all permanent and special committees of the Senate to hold meetings and hearings or conduct investigations, in aid of legislation, during the recess of the Congress from February 7, 1998 to February 28, 1998
Date of Approval
June 2, 1998

Senate Resolution No. 6, s. 1998

Full Title
Resolution authorizing all permanent committees of the Senate to hold meetings or hearings during the recess of the Congress for the purpose of studying and preparing any proposed legislation or to investigate any matter or subject falling under their jurisdictions and authorizing the President of the Senate, in his discretion, to allow any special committee to hold meetings or hearings during the recess for the same purpose.
Date of Approval
March 9, 1998

Senate Resolution No. 6, s. 1998

Full Title
Resolution authorizing all permanent committees of the Senate to hold meetings or hearings during the recess of the Congress for the purpose of studying and preparing any proposed legislation or to investigate any matter or subject falling under their jurisdictions and authorizing the President of the Senate, in his discretion, to allow any special committee to hold meetings or hearings during the recess for the same purpose.
Date of Approval
March 9, 1998

Senate Resolution No. 14, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution expressing the profound condolences of the Filipino people on the death of His Majesty King Hussein of the Royal Kingdom of Jordan, recognizing his genuine contribution to world peace and his exemplary acts of generosity and frienship for the Filipino people, and extending congratulations and best wishes to His Majesty King Abdullah on his ascension to the throne as the new King of Jordan.
Date of Approval
September 2, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 14, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution expressing the profound condolences of the Filipino people on the death of His Majesty King Hussein of the Royal Kingdom of Jordan, recognizing his genuine contribution to world peace and his exemplary acts of generosity and frienship for the Filipino people, and extending congratulations and best wishes to His Majesty King Abdullah on his ascension to the throne as the new King of Jordan.
Date of Approval
September 2, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 15, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution expressing the profound condolences of the Filipino people on the untimely death of His Excellency Archbishop Gian Vincenzo Moreni, Apostolic Nuncio to the Philippines and a devoted friend of the Filipino people.
Date of Approval
August 3, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 16, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution commending four-time bowling world cup champion Rafael "Paeng" Nepomuceno for winning the prestigious World Tenpin Masters title at Middleton Hall, Buckinghamshire, London.
Date of Approval
October 3, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 16, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution commending four-time bowling world cup champion Rafael "Paeng" Nepomuceno for winning the prestigious World Tenpin Masters title at Middleton Hall, Buckinghamshire, London.
Date of Approval
October 3, 1999

Senate Resolution No. 17, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution honoring His Eminence Jaime Cardinal Sin on his twenty-fifth year of outstanding service as Roman Catholic Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Manila, and expressing the nation's gratitude for providing true Christian witness to the teachings of the gospel and for continuously inspiring the Filipino faithful, especially the poor, in their unceasing fight for human dignity, as exemplified by his celebrated role during the 1986 "People Power" uprising at EDSA.

Senate Resolution No. 17, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution honoring His Eminence Jaime Cardinal Sin on his twenty-fifth year of outstanding service as Roman Catholic Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Manila, and expressing the nation's gratitude for providing true Christian witness to the teachings of the gospel and for continuously inspiring the Filipino faithful, especially the poor, in their unceasing fight for human dignity, as exemplified by his celebrated role during the 1986 "People Power" uprising at EDSA.

Senate Resolution No. 18, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution concurring in the ratification of the agreement between the government of the Republic of the Philippines and the government of the United States of America regarding the treatment of United States Armed Forces visiting the Philippines.

Senate Resolution No. 18, s. 1999

Full Title
Resolution concurring in the ratification of the agreement between the government of the Republic of the Philippines and the government of the United States of America regarding the treatment of United States Armed Forces visiting the Philippines.

Senate Resolution No. 12, s. 1998

Full Title
Resolution urging the Department of Foreign Affairs to look into the feasibility of forging prisoner transfer treaties between the Philippines and other countries where Filipino convicts are serving sentence.

Senate Resolution No. 12, s. 1998

Full Title
Resolution urging the Department of Foreign Affairs to look into the feasibility of forging prisoner transfer treaties between the Philippines and other countries where Filipino convicts are serving sentence.

Senate Resolution No. 8, s. 1998

Full Title
Resolution creating an Ad Hoc Committee to review and assess the damage caused by supertyphoon Iliang in Regions I, II, V, the Provinces of Aurora and Quezon as well as the Cordilleras and other affected areas and to recommend appropriate policy and infrastructural measures to rehabilitate and reconstruct these areas.

Senate Resolution No. 8, s. 1998

Full Title
Resolution creating an Ad Hoc Committee to review and assess the damage caused by supertyphoon Iliang in Regions I, II, V, the Provinces of Aurora and Quezon as well as the Cordilleras and other affected areas and to recommend appropriate policy and infrastructural measures to rehabilitate and reconstruct these areas.

Senate Resolution No. 9, s. 1998

Full Title
Resolution expressing the official appreciation of the Senate of the Philippines' election to the United Nations Board of Auditors for a term of three (3) years and the hope that such international recognition of the capability of Philippine government auditors to audit the books of the United Nations and its specialized agencies will be used by the Commission on Audit as an occasion and opportunity to deepen its ongoing reform of official auditing procedures and practices.

Senate Resolution No. 9, s. 1998

Full Title
Resolution expressing the official appreciation of the Senate of the Philippines' election to the United Nations Board of Auditors for a term of three (3) years and the hope that such international recognition of the capability of Philippine government auditors to audit the books of the United Nations and its specialized agencies will be used by the Commission on Audit as an occasion and opportunity to deepen its ongoing reform of official auditing procedures and practices.

Senate Resolution No. 11, s. 1998

Full Title
Resolution requesting His Excellency President Joseph Ejercito Estrada to grant a two-year reprieve to Leo Pilo Echegaray and all other death convicts whose sentences have been affirmed by the Supreme Court pending a review by Congress of Republic Act No. 7659 re-imposing the death penalty.
Date of Approval
March 12, 1998